Basalt is a Layer 1 blockchain built entirely on .NET 9 with Native AOT compilation. Its ambition is to fill the void left by NEO by delivering an enterprise-grade blockchain platform designed from the ground up for professional use cases: asset tokenization, supply chain, energy markets, decentralized identity, and regulatory compliance.

The choice of .NET 9 AOT is strategic. It delivers near-native performance (predictable latency, reduced memory footprint, instant startup) while retaining the productivity of the .NET ecosystem and its massive penetration within enterprise IT departments. The goal is to make blockchain as natural for a C# developer as Solana is for a Rust developer.

This document presents the complete design plan, from technical architecture to go-to-market, including tokenomics, governance, and the development roadmap.

1.1 Problems Addressed

Entry barrier for enterprise developers: Dominant blockchains require Rust or Go, effectively excluding millions of C#/.NET developers.
Lack of native compliance: Existing solutions require expensive additional layers to meet KYC/AML, GDPR, and sector-specific regulations.
Performance vs. productivity: The current trade-off forces a choice between raw performance (Rust) and development speed (Solidity). .NET 9 AOT delivers both.
Legacy system integration: Current blockchains integrate poorly with the ERPs, CRMs, and legacy systems that enterprises rely on.

1.2 Value Proposition

Dimension	Basalt	Alternatives
Smart contract language	Native C# + dedicated DSL	Rust, Solidity, Go
Performance	~12,000 TPS (AOT)	~400–4,000 TPS
Compliance	Native (KYC, GDPR, MiCA)	Bolted on after the fact
Target developers	~8M .NET developers	Crypto-native niche
Enterprise integration	NuGet + native connectors	Limited third-party SDKs

2. Vision and Positioning

2.1 Vision

Basalt aspires to become the reference blockchain for European enterprises and regulated ecosystems. Rather than competing head-on with Solana or Ethereum on speculative DeFi, Basalt targets markets where compliance, traceability, and system integration are non-negotiable prerequisites.

The vision in one sentence: "Blockchain-as-Infrastructure for the European enterprise."

2.2 Priority Target Markets

Energy Markets and Flexibility

Tokenization of demand-response certificates, peer-to-peer energy trading, traceability of green certificates (Guarantees of Origin). The European energy flexibility market is booming as part of the 2030 decarbonization goals.

Supply Chain and Traceability

Provenance tracking, quality certifications, digital product passports (EU Regulation 2024). European manufacturers need GDPR-compliant solutions for traceability.

Real-World Asset Tokenization (RWA)

Fractional real estate, tokenized corporate debt, on-chain investment funds. The MiCA regulatory framework in Europe creates a unique opportunity for a compliance-first blockchain.

Decentralized Identity (DID)

European digital identity wallet (eIDAS 2.0), verifiable attestations for professional credentials, reusable KYC across institutions.

2.3 Competitive Positioning

Criterion	Basalt	Hyperledger Fabric	Polygon
Type	Permissionable public L1	Private / consortium	Ethereum L2
SC language	C#	Go / Java / JS	Solidity
Native compliance	Yes (GDPR, MiCA)	Partial	No
Performance	~12K TPS	~3K TPS	~7K TPS
Confidentiality	ZK + enclaves	Private channels	ZK rollups
Interoperability	IBC + EVM bridges	Limited	Native Ethereum
Maintainer	Foundation + DAO	Linux Foundation	Polygon Labs

3. Technical Architecture

3.1 Founding Principles

AOT-First: Every component is designed for Native AOT compilation. Zero runtime reflection, zero dynamically generated code, source generators only.
Guaranteed determinism: No GC pauses during consensus. Object pooling, Span<T>, stackalloc, and arena allocators on all critical paths.
Modularity: Layered, decoupled architecture where each module is independently replaceable.
Compliance-by-Design: Regulatory compliance is built into the protocol, not bolted on as an afterthought.

3.2 Layer Overview

Layer	Responsibility	Key Technologies
Network (P2P)	Peer discovery, propagation, gossip	libp2p .NET port, QUIC, Kademlia DHT
Consensus	State agreement, finality	BasaltBFT (HotStuff derivative)
Execution	Transaction processing	BasaltVM (WASM + C# AOT interpreter)
Storage	State persistence	RocksDB + Merkle Patricia Trie
API	External interface	gRPC + REST (ASP.NET Minimal API)
Compliance	Regulatory rules	Pluggable module (KYC, GDPR, MiCA)
Confidentiality	Private data	ZK-SNARKs + optional enclaves

3.3 Network Layer (P2P)

The P2P network relies on a native .NET port of libp2p, optimized for .NET 9 AOT. The primary transport protocol is QUIC (via System.Net.Quic), providing native multiplexing, fast connection resumption, and built-in TLS 1.3 encryption.

Peer discovery uses a modified Kademlia DHT with reputation zone support. Each node maintains a reputation score based on availability, response latency, and validity of proposed blocks.

Transaction propagation uses a two-tier gossip protocol: fast gossip for priority (enterprise) transactions and standard gossip for regular traffic. A backpressure system protects against flooding attacks.

Network Specifications

Parameter	Value	Rationale
Transport	QUIC (UDP) + TCP fallback	Performance + compatibility
Max block size	2 MB	Throughput / propagation balance
Block time	400 ms	Fast finality for enterprise
Max active peers	50 direct + 200 passive	Resilience without overhead
Gossip protocol	Episub (Epidemic + Subscribe)	Fast propagation, low bandwidth

3.4 Consensus Layer — BasaltBFT

BasaltBFT is a BFT consensus protocol derived from HotStuff, optimized for enterprise use cases. It delivers finality in 2 rounds (800 ms) with tolerance for f = (n−1)/3 Byzantine nodes.

Key Characteristics

Consensus pipeline: The Prepare, Pre-Commit, and Commit phases overlap between successive blocks, enabling continuous throughput.
Leader rotation: Weighted round-robin based on stake and reputation. A failing leader is replaced in 2 seconds via view-change.
Aggregated signatures: BLS12-381 is used for vote aggregation, reducing consensus proof size from O(n) to O(1).
Deterministic finality: Unlike probabilistic consensus (Nakamoto), BasaltBFT provides absolute finality: once confirmed, a block can never be revoked.

Permissionable Mode

BasaltBFT supports a unique hybrid mode. The network is public by default, but enterprises can deploy subnets with a restricted, approved validator set. This model enables:

A public main network for transparency and composability
Enterprise subnets with KYC-verified validators for sensitive data
Native bridging between mainnet and subnets via consensus proofs

Projected Performance

Scenario	TPS	Finality	Validators
Mainnet (100 validators)	~12,000	800 ms	100
Enterprise subnet (21 val.)	~25,000	400 ms	21
Private subnet (7 val.)	~50,000	200 ms	7

3.5 Execution Layer — BasaltVM

BasaltVM is the virtual machine powering Basalt. It supports two execution modes for smart contracts, balancing performance and portability.

Mode 1: Native C# AOT (Maximum Performance)

Smart contracts written in C# are compiled to native code via .NET 9 AOT. They execute within an isolated memory sandbox (via NativeAOT + seccomp/landlock on Linux) with strict limits on CPU, memory, and system calls.

Advantages: 10–50x performance over bytecode VMs, instant startup, minimal memory footprint.
Constraints: Contracts must adhere to an AOT-safe profile: no reflection, no dynamic, no runtime code generation. A Roslyn analyzer verifies compliance at compile time.

Mode 2: WASM (Portability and Interoperability)

A WASM runtime (based on wasmtime ported to .NET) enables execution of contracts compiled from any WASM-supported language (Rust, AssemblyScript, C, etc.). This ensures Basalt is not a closed ecosystem.

Cost Model (Gas)

The gas model is calibrated against actual AOT execution costs, with automated benchmarks for each opcode. Enterprises can pre-purchase gas quotas at a fixed price (gas sponsoring), eliminating cost volatility.

Operation	Gas Cost (AOT)	Gas Cost (WASM)	Ratio
Addition / multiplication	1	3	3x
Storage read (hot)	50	120	2.4x
Storage read (cold)	200	350	1.75x
Storage write	500	800	1.6x
Cross-contract call	150	400	2.7x
Signature verification	1,000	2,500	2.5x
ZK proof (verify)	10,000	25,000	2.5x

3.6 Storage Layer

State storage is built on RocksDB with a modified Merkle Patricia Trie (MPT) supporting versioning and efficient state proofs.

Storage Architecture

State DB: MPT for current account and contract state. Each leaf contains the state hash, enabling lightweight Merkle proofs.
Block DB: Sequential block and transaction storage, indexed by hash and block number.
Receipt DB: Logs and events indexed by topic, enabling fast queries (Bloom filter style).
Archive DB (optional): Full state history for archive nodes. Uses Zstd compression to reduce disk footprint by 60–70%.

Pruning and State Expiry

An automatic state expiry mechanism moves states unused for more than 12 months to the Archive DB. Merkle proofs remain available, but full state is only accessible via archive nodes. This keeps active state size manageable.

3.7 API Layer

Basalt exposes three complementary interfaces for developers:

gRPC (high performance): Primary interface for node-to-node interactions and high-frequency applications. Protobuf serialization. Bidirectional streaming for real-time subscriptions.
REST/JSON (compatibility): RESTful API via ASP.NET Minimal APIs for integration with existing systems. OpenAPI/Swagger compatible.
GraphQL (complex queries): For complex analytical queries, state exploration, and enterprise dashboards.

4. Smart Contracts in C#

4.1 The Basalt Contract SDK

The smart contract SDK is distributed as a standard NuGet package. A C# developer can write, test, and deploy a contract without leaving their familiar environment (Visual Studio, Rider, VS Code).

Anatomy of a Basalt Contract

A Basalt smart contract is a C# class decorated with specific attributes. The SDK provides a typed object model for state, events, and cross-contract interactions. Built-in Roslyn analyzers verify AOT compliance at compile time and flag any non-deterministic patterns.

The programming model rests on three core concepts: Storage (typed state persistence with StorageMap<K,V> and StorageValue<T>), Events (indexed, filterable events emitted by contracts), and Messages (typed inter-contract calls with built-in error handling).

SDK Characteristics

End-to-end strong typing: State, parameters, and return values are all typed. No manual serialization, no separate ABI to manage.
Native unit testing: Contracts are tested with standard xUnit/NUnit. A built-in blockchain emulator simulates blocks, time, and accounts.
Debugging: Full step-through debugging support in Visual Studio and Rider, with breakpoints inside contract code.
Static analysis: Dedicated Roslyn analyzers that detect reentrancy, overflows, unprotected storage access, and non-deterministic patterns.

4.2 Token Standards

Basalt defines standardized interfaces for tokens, inspired by the Ethereum ecosystem but enriched for enterprise:

Standard	Description	ERC Equivalent
BST-20	Fungible token with compliance hooks	ERC-20 + compliance
BST-721	NFT with on-chain metadata and royalties	ERC-721
BST-1155	Multi-token (fungible + non-fungible)	ERC-1155
BST-3525	Semi-fungible (RWA, bonds)	ERC-3525
BST-4626	Vault (yield, staking)	ERC-4626
BST-DID	Decentralized Identity (W3C DID)	None
BST-VC	Verifiable Credentials	None

4.3 Built-in Contract Compliance

Every token standard natively integrates compliance hooks. Transfers pass through a verifiable pipeline: KYC/AML checks on sender and receiver, geographic restriction verification, holding limit enforcement (concentration), and immutable audit trails.

Compliance rules are defined by the token issuer and enforced at the protocol level. A validator will refuse to include a non-compliant transaction in a block.

5. Compliance and Confidentiality

5.1 Compliance Architecture

The compliance module is Basalt's major differentiator. It is designed as a pluggable layer at the protocol level, enabling different regulations to be applied depending on jurisdictions and use cases.

Components

Identity Registry: On-chain registry of verified identities. Users link their address to a KYC attestation issued by an approved provider, without revealing their personal data (zero-knowledge eligibility proof).
Compliance Engine: On-chain rule engine. Issuers define policies (e.g., "qualified EU investors only") that are checked on every transfer.
Audit Module: Automatic generation of audit reports compliant with SOC2/ISO27001 standards. Native export to regulatory formats.
GDPR Module: Right-to-erasure support via revocable cryptographic commitments. Personal data is never stored on-chain; only verifiable hashes/commitments are.

5.2 MiCA Compliance

The European MiCA regulation (Markets in Crypto-Assets) imposes specific requirements that Basalt addresses natively:

MiCA Requirement	Basalt Implementation
White paper	On-chain white paper template for every token issuance
Asset reserve (stablecoins)	Verifiable proof of reserve via Chainlink/Pyth oracle
Redemption right	Automatic redemption smart contract with guaranteed SLA
Periodic reporting	Automatic reporting module to regulators
Interest prohibition	Native yield blocking on e-money tokens
Transaction traceability	Built-in Travel Rule (FATF R.16)

5.3 Data Confidentiality

Basalt offers multiple confidentiality mechanisms to protect sensitive enterprise data while maintaining verifiability:

Confidential transactions (ZK): ZK-SNARKs (Groth16 via bellman ported to .NET) prove transaction validity without revealing amounts or parties.
Private state channels: Private state channels between enterprises for bilateral interactions (e.g., OTC trading), with periodic on-chain settlement.
TEE enclaves (optional): SGX/TrustZone enclave support for computation on encrypted data, useful for sealed-bid auctions and matching engines.

6. Tokenomics

6.1 The BST Token

BST is the native token of Basalt. It serves four functions: transaction fee payment (gas), staking for validation, protocol governance, and collateral for enterprise services.

Supply and Distribution

Allocation	Percentage	BST Amount	Vesting
Public sale (ICO/IDO)	20%	200,000,000	25% TGE, 75% linear over 18 months
Strategic private sale	12%	120,000,000	6-month cliff, 24-month linear
Team & founders	15%	150,000,000	12-month cliff, 36-month linear
Foundation / Treasury	18%	180,000,000	DAO governance
Ecosystem & grants	15%	150,000,000	Progressive unlock over 48 months
Staking rewards	12%	120,000,000	Decreasing emission over 10 years
Liquidity & exchanges	5%	50,000,000	TGE
Advisors	3%	30,000,000	6-month cliff, 24-month linear

Total supply: 1,000,000,000 BST (fixed, no inflation beyond the staking schedule).

6.2 Economic Model

Transaction Fees

Fees are denominated in BST but can be paid in stablecoins (USDC, EUROC) via a gas abstraction mechanism. Enterprises can pre-purchase gas credits at a fixed monthly price (SaaS model), eliminating exposure to token volatility.

Burn and Deflation

50% of transaction fees are burned, creating deflationary pressure proportional to network usage. The remaining 50% is distributed to validators. This mechanism aligns incentives: the more the network is used, the more the token appreciates.

Enterprise Staking

Enterprises deploying subnets must stake a minimum amount of BST proportional to the number of validators and reserved throughput. This mechanism ensures subnet economic security while creating structural demand for the token.

7. Governance

7.1 Hybrid Governance Model

Basalt adopts progressive governance, evolving from a centralized model (efficient for bootstrapping) toward a mature DAO.

Phase	Period	Model	Decisions
Genesis	Months 0–12	Foundation (5/9 multisig)	Protocol parameters, critical upgrades
Transition	Months 12–24	Foundation + Council (7 elected)	Co-governance, advisory votes
Maturity	Months 24+	DAO (token-weighted + quadratic)	All major decisions

7.2 Voting Mechanisms

Quadratic voting: For major governance decisions, reducing whale influence. Vote cost = square root of weight.
Delegation: BST holders can delegate their voting power to specialized representatives (liquid democracy).
Timelock: All accepted proposals are subject to a 48-hour execution delay, allowing holders to react.
Enterprise veto: Enterprises staking above a threshold have a suspensive (not definitive) veto on protocol changes affecting backward compatibility.

8. Developer Experience

8.1 Complete Toolchain

Adoption hinges on DX. Basalt aims for a world-class developer experience, familiar to any .NET developer.

Tool	Description	Status
Basalt CLI	CLI for scaffold, build, test, deploy (dotnet basalt new, dotnet basalt deploy)	Core
Basalt.SDK NuGet	Primary SDK for writing smart contracts	Core
Basalt.Client NuGet	.NET client for interacting with the chain	Core
VS / Rider Plugin	Syntax highlighting, autocompletion, deploy from IDE	Core
Basalt Explorer	Open-source block explorer (Blazor WASM)	Core
Basalt Devnet	One-click local test network (Docker Compose)	Core
Basalt Faucet	Test token distribution	Core
Basalt Playground	Online IDE for testing contracts (Blazor)	P2
Basalt Audit	Automated security analysis tool (Roslyn)	P2

8.2 Documentation and Onboarding

Progressive tutorials: From "Hello World" to an RWA tokenization contract in 5 steps.
Project templates: dotnet new basalt-token, dotnet new basalt-did, dotnet new basalt-marketplace.
Code samples: GitHub repository with 50+ commented examples covering all enterprise use cases.
Certification: "Basalt Certified Developer" certification program to build ecosystem credibility.

8.3 Interoperability

Basalt does not exist in isolation. Interoperability is critical for enterprise adoption:

EVM Bridge: Bidirectional bridge to Ethereum/Polygon for asset transfers and DeFi composability. Implemented via light clients and Merkle proofs.
IBC (Inter-Blockchain Communication): Compatibility with the Cosmos IBC protocol for cross-chain communication.
Oracles: Native integration with Chainlink, Pyth, and a dedicated enterprise oracle for certified data feeds.
Enterprise connectors: NuGet packages for SAP, Salesforce, and major ERPs, enabling bidirectional bridging between the blockchain and enterprise systems.

9. Security

9.1 Security Model

Basalt's security relies on multiple layers of defense in depth:

Consensus Security

Byzantine tolerance: BasaltBFT tolerates up to 33% of malicious validators.
Slashing: Malicious validators lose a portion of their stake (5% for inactivity, 100% for double-signing).
Key rotation: Validators must rotate their consensus keys every 90 days via a key ceremony protocol.

Smart Contract Security

AOT sandboxing: Each contract runs in an isolated process with seccomp (Linux) or AppContainer (Windows). Zero access to filesystem, network, or unauthorized system calls.
Resource limits: Configurable CPU time limit per transaction, max memory (256 MB default), stack depth limit.
Formal analyzers: TLA+ integration for formal verification of critical contracts (optional, recommended for RWA contracts).

Security Program

Bug bounty: Permanent program with rewards from $1,000 to $500,000 depending on severity.
Audits: Full audit by two independent firms (Trail of Bits, OtterSec) before each major release.
Formal verification: Formal verification of the consensus protocol and system contracts (Bridge, Staking, Governance).

10. Roadmap

Phase 1 — Foundation (Q3 2026 – Q1 2027)

Objective: Functional proof of concept and initial technical validation.

Base node implementation (P2P, BasaltBFT consensus, storage)
BasaltVM prototype with sandboxed C# AOT execution
Basalt Contract SDK v0.1 (BST-20, BST-721)
Local devnet (Docker Compose, 4 validators)
Initial benchmark: validate 10K+ TPS target
Technical white paper publication

Phase 2 — Testnet (Q2 2027 – Q4 2027)

Objective: Public validation and onboarding of first partners.

Public testnet launch (50+ community validators)
Basalt Contract SDK v1.0 (all BST-* standards)
Compliance module v1 (basic KYC, Identity Registry)
EVM bridge testnet (Ethereum Sepolia)
Basalt Explorer and CLI v1.0
Developer grants program ($500K)
First external security audit

Phase 3 — Mainnet Genesis (Q1 2028)

Objective: Production launch and first live applications.

Mainnet launch with 100 genesis validators
BST Token Generation Event (TGE)
Full compliance module (MiCA, GDPR, Travel Rule)
EVM bridge mainnet (Ethereum, Polygon)
First pilot applications with enterprise partners
Second security audit + bug bounty launch

Phase 4 — Ecosystem (Q2 2028 – Q4 2028)

Objective: Ecosystem growth and advanced use cases.

Enterprise subnets (first deployment)
ZK confidential transactions in production
IBC protocol for Cosmos interoperability
Enterprise connectors (SAP, Salesforce)
Developer certification program
Governance transition to Phase 2 (Foundation + Council)

Phase 5 — Maturity (2029+)

Objective: Ecosystem autonomy and full decentralization.

Fully operational DAO
500+ mainnet validators
10+ enterprise subnets in production
Basalt Marketplace (certified contract templates)
WASM v2 support (component model)
Native integration of the European digital identity wallet (eIDAS 2.0)

11. Team and Resources

11.1 Target Team

The project requires a core team of 15 to 20 people for Phases 1–2, scaling to 30–40 for the mainnet.

Role	#	Key Profile
Lead Architect	1	Expert in .NET runtime + distributed systems
Core Protocol Devs	4–6	Advanced C#, AOT, unsafe, System.Runtime
Consensus Engineer	2	BFT, cryptography, formal methods
VM Engineer	2	WASM, compilers, sandboxing
Smart Contract SDK	2–3	Roslyn, analyzers, DX
Cryptographer	1–2	ZK-SNARKs, BLS, elliptic curves
Infra / DevOps	2	Kubernetes, monitoring, CI/CD
Security Engineer	1–2	Audit, pentesting, threat modeling
Developer Relations	2	Documentation, community, partnerships
Product / Biz Dev	2	Enterprise sales, tokenomics, strategy

11.2 Budget Estimate (Phases 1–3)

Item	Year 1	Year 2	Total
Core team salaries (20 people)	€2,400,000	€3,200,000	€5,600,000
Security audits (2x)	€400,000	€400,000	€800,000
Infrastructure (cloud, testnet)	€180,000	€300,000	€480,000
Ecosystem grants	€200,000	€500,000	€700,000
Marketing / events	€150,000	€350,000	€500,000
Legal & compliance	€200,000	€200,000	€400,000
Contingency (15%)	€530,000	€740,000	€1,270,000
TOTAL	€4,060,000	€5,690,000	€9,750,000

11.3 Funding Sources

Seed Round: €2–3M from European Web3 VCs (Fabric Ventures, Greenfield Capital, BNPP Blockchain Fund).
Grants: Ethereum Foundation (interop), European Blockchain Services Infrastructure (EBSI), France 2030.
Strategic sale: €1.2M from enterprise partners who will benefit from the chain.
ICO/IDO: 20% of supply (200M BST), timing aligned with mainnet launch.

12. Go-to-Market

12.1 Adoption Strategy

Basalt's adoption relies on an "inside-out" strategy: first conquer .NET developers, then enterprises, then the broader crypto community.

Stage 1: Developer Mindshare (Q3 2026 – Q2 2027)

Presence at .NET conferences (NDC, DotNext, Update Conference) and crypto events (EthCC, Token2049)
"Blockchain for C# Developers" workshop series (online + in-person)
Partnership with the .NET Foundation for ecosystem visibility
Launch hackathon (€100K in prizes, targeting 500+ participants)
Content marketing: technical blog, YouTube series, newsletter

Stage 2: Enterprise Pilots (Q3 2027 – Q1 2028)

3–5 pilots with partner enterprises in energy, supply chain, and finance
"Enterprise Early Adopter" program with dedicated support and co-development
Published case studies presented at conferences

Stage 3: Scaling (Q2 2028+)

System integrator partner program for enterprise deployment
Certified smart contract marketplace
Geographic expansion: DACH, Benelux, UK, then North America

12.2 Success Metrics

Metric	End Y1	End Y2	End Y3
Active validators	50 (testnet)	150 (mainnet)	500+
Monthly active developers	200	2,000	10,000
Deployed contracts	100 (testnet)	1,000	10,000
Enterprise partners	5 pilots	15 in production	50+
TVL (Total Value Locked)	—	$50M	$500M
Average mainnet TPS	—	3,000	8,000

13. Risk Analysis

Risk	Impact	Probability	Mitigation
AOT non-determinism	High	Medium	Continuous benchmarks, arena allocators, p99 latency tests
Insufficient adoption	High	High	DX focus, grants, early enterprise partnerships
Security breach	Critical	Medium	Multiple audits, bug bounty, formal verification
Regulatory evolution	Medium	High	Pluggable compliance module, active legal watch
Competition (Hyperledger, Polygon)	Medium	High	.NET differentiation + native compliance
Recruiting crypto + .NET talent	High	Medium	Remote-first, competitive salaries, token incentives
Insufficient WASM performance	Low	Low	AOT as primary mode, WASM as fallback

14. Conclusion

Basalt represents a unique opportunity to position .NET as the reference platform for enterprise blockchain in Europe. The timing is ideal: .NET 9 AOT has reached the necessary maturity, the MiCA regulatory framework creates demand for compliance-first solutions, and the 8 million .NET developers worldwide still lack a native blockchain.

The success of this project rests on three pillars: flawless technical execution (AOT determinism is the primary challenge), exceptional DX (the C# developer must feel at home from their very first contract), and a go-to-market laser-focused on verticals where compliance is a competitive advantage rather than a hindrance.

The road is long, but the potential is immense. Every European enterprise running .NET is a potential customer. Every regulation that tightens is a sales argument. And every C# developer frustrated by having to learn Rust to touch blockchain is a future member of the Basalt community.

— End of document —

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Problems Addressed​

1.2 Value Proposition​

2. Vision and Positioning

2.1 Vision​

2.2 Priority Target Markets​

2.3 Competitive Positioning​

3. Technical Architecture

3.1 Founding Principles​

3.2 Layer Overview​

3.3 Network Layer (P2P)​

Network Specifications​

3.4 Consensus Layer — BasaltBFT​

Key Characteristics​

Permissionable Mode​

Projected Performance​

3.5 Execution Layer — BasaltVM​

Mode 1: Native C# AOT (Maximum Performance)​

Mode 2: WASM (Portability and Interoperability)​

Cost Model (Gas)​

3.6 Storage Layer​

Storage Architecture​

Pruning and State Expiry​

3.7 API Layer​

4. Smart Contracts in C#

4.1 The Basalt Contract SDK​

Anatomy of a Basalt Contract​

SDK Characteristics​

4.2 Token Standards​

4.3 Built-in Contract Compliance​

5. Compliance and Confidentiality

5.1 Compliance Architecture​

Components​

5.2 MiCA Compliance​

5.3 Data Confidentiality​